Sunburned Eyes? Beware of Snow Blindness

Playing outside in a snowy winter setting can be magical, but before you head out for a day on the ski slopes or let your children build snowmen, make sure everyone’s eyes are well protected. Sun and snow can be a surprisingly dangerous combination for both the eyes and skin, and residents of Henderson heading to the mountains for a winter getaway should be prepared.

Why Is Sunlight More Dangerous Around Snow?

Most people associate UV protection with summer, but winter can be deceiving. Snow acts as a powerful reflective surface, bouncing UV rays upward toward your face and eyes that would otherwise be absorbed by the ground. As a result, your eyes are exposed to UV radiation from two directions at once: from above and from the reflected glare below.

If you are skiing or snowboarding at higher altitudes, the risk increases further because UV rays are stronger at elevation. It is also important to remember that ultraviolet radiation penetrates through clouds, so even on overcast days, sun damage to the eyes is possible.

What Is Photokeratitis (Snow Blindness)?

Yes, your eyes can become sunburned. The condition is called photokeratitis, commonly known as snow blindness. It occurs when the cornea, the clear front surface of the eye, is damaged by intense UV exposure. Although most people do not experience permanent vision loss from a single episode, photokeratitis is typically painful, causes extreme sensitivity to light, and can take up to two weeks to fully heal.

A single day of exposure to intense sun glare reflected off snow can be enough to cause the condition, though symptoms usually appear several hours after exposure rather than immediately. Repeated episodes of photokeratitis over time can increase the risk of longer-term corneal damage.

Symptoms of Snow Blindness to Watch For

Like a skin sunburn, the effects of UV overexposure on the eyes often show up with a delay. Symptoms to watch for after a day spent in snowy or bright conditions include:

• A stinging, burning, or gritty sensation in the eyes, as if sand is trapped under the eyelids
• Significant sensitivity to light, making it uncomfortable to be outdoors or in bright rooms
• Blurred vision
• Watery or tearing eyes
• Swollen eyelids
• Redness of the eyes
• In rare cases, temporary vision loss lasting a day or two

If you experience severe eye pain, significant vision changes, or symptoms that do not improve within 24 to 48 hours, contact an eye doctor promptly. While most cases of photokeratitis heal on their own, persistent or severe symptoms should be evaluated to rule out corneal damage that may need treatment.

How to Protect Your Eyes from Snow Blindness

Prevention is straightforward and effective. Wear sunglasses that block at least 99 percent of UVA and UVB radiation whenever you are outdoors in bright or snowy conditions, regardless of the time of year. Look for these features when choosing eyewear for winter activities:

• Wraparound frames or ski goggles that block UV rays from entering at the sides
• Polarized lenses to reduce glare from reflective surfaces like snow and ice
• A snug, secure fit that stays in place during physical activity
• Impact-resistant lenses for winter sports

For children, ensure they have properly fitting sunglasses or goggles as well. Children’s eyes are more susceptible to UV damage because their lenses transmit more UV light than adult eyes.

How to Treat Sunburned Eyes at Home

If you are already experiencing symptoms of photokeratitis, the primary treatment is to let your eyes rest and recover:

• Stay out of bright light and direct sunlight until symptoms subside.
• Wearing sunglasses indoors may help if light sensitivity is significant.
• Place a cool, damp cloth over your closed eyelids for comfort.
• Do not wear contact lenses until your eyes have fully returned to normal.
• Preservative-free artificial tears can help keep the eyes moistened and soothe discomfort.
• Avoid rubbing your eyes, as this can worsen irritation to the healing cornea.

It is a good idea to consult an eye doctor before using any medicated eye drops, since some products are not well suited for eyes recovering from UV exposure. Our team at Insight Vision Optometry, Las Vegas can advise you on the best approach. Call us at 702-747-4070 if you have questions or need an evaluation.

Now that you know the risks and how to protect yourself, you are all set to enjoy winter activities safely. If you or a family member in the area or the greater Las Vegas area experience sunburned eyes or need help choosing protective eyewear, schedule an appointment at Insight Vision Optometry by visiting www.insightvisionlv.com.