AMD Awareness Could Save Your Vision

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss for adults 50 and older, and early detection plays a critical role in preserving sight. For Summerlin residents and others throughout the Las Vegas area, understanding AMD and its risk factors is an important step toward protecting long-term eye health.

What Is Macular Degeneration?

The macula is a small but vital area at the center of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed central vision. AMD damages the macula, and the disease comes in two forms: dry and wet.

Dry AMD is the more common form. It occurs when the macula gradually thins and small clusters of protein deposits called drusen accumulate beneath the retina. These drusen form when cells in the macula cannot efficiently clear metabolic waste. Over time, this buildup leads to a gradual decline in central vision.

Wet AMD develops when abnormal, fragile blood vessels grow through damaged areas of the thinning macula and leak fluid or blood. This form is less common but can cause rapid and severe central vision loss. If dry AMD progresses to wet AMD, prompt treatment is essential because permanent scarring can develop within days. Fortunately, effective treatment exists for wet AMD when it is caught before scarring occurs.

What Symptoms Should You Watch For?

Both forms of AMD affect central vision while leaving peripheral vision intact. Symptoms may include:

• Difficulty focusing on objects directly in front of you
• A blurred, distorted, or dark area in the center of your visual field
• Trouble reading, doing close work, or recognizing faces
• Straight lines appearing wavy or bent
• Colors appearing less vivid than they used to

Many patients do not notice symptoms until a significant amount of damage has already occurred. This is why regular comprehensive eye exams are critical, especially if you are at higher risk. If you experience a sudden change in your central vision, such as straight lines appearing wavy or a dark spot appearing in the center of your vision, contact your eye doctor right away.

Who Is at Risk for AMD?

Age is the most significant risk factor, particularly once you reach 60. However, other factors also play a role:

• Family history of AMD increases your risk, as there is a strong genetic component.
• Caucasian descent is associated with higher risk, particularly those with lighter-colored irises.
• Smoking doubles your risk of developing AMD.
• Being overweight or obese is associated with increased risk.
• Heart disease, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol are linked to greater AMD risk.
• A diet high in saturated fats and low in fruits and vegetables may contribute to AMD development.
• Prolonged UV exposure without eye protection may also be a contributing factor.

How Can You Reduce Your Risk?

While you cannot control your age or genetics, several lifestyle changes can help lower your risk:

• Stop smoking or avoid starting.
• Eat a balanced diet rich in leafy greens, colorful fruits and vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids from sources like fish or flaxseed.
• Exercise regularly and maintain a healthy weight.
• Wear sunglasses with UV protection when outdoors.
• Know your family history and share it with your eye doctor.
• Schedule regular comprehensive eye exams, especially after age 50.

How Is AMD Treated?

There is currently no cure for AMD, but treatments can help slow its progression. For dry AMD, the AREDS and AREDS2 formulas, which include a specific combination of vitamins C and E, lutein, zeaxanthin, zinc, and copper, have been shown to slow the disease in intermediate and advanced stages. Do not start these supplements without first consulting your eye doctor, as they are not recommended for everyone.

For wet AMD, treatment typically involves injections of anti-VEGF medications into the eye to reduce abnormal blood vessel growth and leakage. Your eye doctor can discuss the most appropriate treatment plan based on your specific diagnosis.

Untreated AMD can have a serious impact on your independence and quality of life. While it does not cause complete blindness, it can result in permanent loss of central vision, a condition called low vision that significantly affects daily activities.

If you are 50 or older, talk to your eye doctor about your risk factors and what you can do to protect your vision. Schedule an appointment at Insight Vision Optometry, Las Vegas by calling 702-747-4070 or visiting www.insightvisionlv.com.